“Masterpieces of Egyptian Sculpture from the Pyramid Age” tells the story of this artistic moment and the culture that shaped it through some of the singular landmarks of the Old Kingdom (2575–2150 BCE). The bust of Prince Ankhhaf, the man who oversaw the completion of the Great Pyramid, is the most convincing example of realistic portraiture to survive from the Old Kingdom. The pair statue of King Menkaura and queen is one of the most famous Egyptian sculptures in the world. These and every other work on display—all of them undisputed masterpieces—have been in the MFA’s collection since the first part of the 20th century, when they were excavated in Egypt by the Harvard University–Boston Museum of Fine Arts Expedition.

The adjacent gallery, “Faces of Ancient Egypt,” illustrates the breadth of approaches sculptors took in creating distinctive likeness over 2,000 years of Egyptian artistic development. From the Twelfth Dynasty and the Late Period, respectively, the Josephson and Boston Green Heads are sensitive portrayals of a nobleman and a priest with startlingly realistic features. Meanwhile, a portrait of Pharaoh Amenhotep III from the Eighteenth Dynasty smiles broadly without a single crease in its cheeks, making it more of an elegant mask than a lifelike depiction.